Which factor is essential for the successful assimilation of effluent in mound systems?

The successful assimilation of effluent in mound systems hinges significantly on soil permeability. This factor determines how well the soil can absorb and transmit the effluent being dispersed into it. Adequate permeability ensures that the wastewater flows through the soil at the right rate, allowing for effective filtration and treatment by the microbes present in the soil. If the soil has too high or too low permeability, it can either lead to inadequate treatment—resulting in the effluent traveling too quickly through the soil without sufficient assimilation—or cause ponding of effluent at the surface, which can lead to system failure and environmental contamination.

While soil moisture content does play a role in the overall health of the soil and the efficiency of treatment, it is primarily the permeability that dictates the system's ability to integrate the effluent effectively. Therefore, maintaining proper soil permeability is essential for achieving optimal performance in mound systems.